He aha te pūmanawa o te mākete PV o Nigeria?
E whakaatu ana te rangahau e 4GW anake te kaha kua tāutahia o Nigeria mai i ngā whare whakaputa hiko wahie pūmua me ngā whare whakaputa hiko wai. E kiia ana kia taea ai e te whenua te whakakaha katoa i ōna tāngata 200 miriona, me tāuta e ia te 30GW o te kaha whakaputa hiko.
E ai ki ngā whakatau tata a te International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), i te mutunga o te tau 2021, ko te kaha tāuta o ngā pūnaha photovoltaic e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko i Nigeria ka 33MW anake. Ahakoa kei waenga i te 1.5MWh/m² ki te 2.2MWh/m² te hihi photovoltaic o te whenua, he aha i nui ai ngā rauemi whakaputa hiko photovoltaic o Nigeria engari kei te herea tonutia e te rawakore o te pūngao? E whakatau tata ana te International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) tae noa ki te tau 2050, ka taea e ngā whare whakaputa hiko pūngao whakahou te whakatutuki i te 60% o ngā hiahia pūngao o Nigeria.
I tēnei wā, e 70% o te hiko o Nigeria e whakaratohia ana e ngā tipu hiko wahie pūmua, ko te nuinga o te toenga e ahu mai ana i ngā whakaurunga hiko wai. E rima ngā kamupene whakaputa hiko nui e whakahaere ana i te whenua, ko te Kamupene Tukunga o Nigeria, te kamupene tukunga anake, te kawenga mō te whakawhanake, te tiaki me te whakawhānui i te whatunga tukunga o te whenua.
Kua tino tūmataiti te kamupene tohatoha hiko o te whenua, ā, ka hokona te hiko e hangaia ana e ngā miihini whakaputa hiko ki te Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET), te kaihokohoko hiko nui anake o te whenua. Ka hoko ngā kamupene tohatoha hiko mai i ngā miihini whakaputa hiko mā te hainatanga i ngā whakaaetanga hoko hiko (PPA) me te hoko atu ki ngā kaihoko mā te tuku kirimana. Mā tēnei hanganga ka whakarite kia whiwhi ngā kamupene whakaputa hiko i tētahi utu kua whakamanahia mō te hiko ahakoa te aha. Engari he take nui kei roto i tēnei kua pā ki te tango i ngā photovoltaics hei wāhanga o te ranunga pūngao o Nigeria.
ngā āwangawanga mō te whai hua
I te tau 2005 i kōrero tuatahitia ai e Nigeria ngā whare whakaputa hiko hou e hono ana ki te whatunga hiko, i te wā i whakatinanahia ai e te whenua te kaupapa "Vision 30:30:30". Ko te whāinga o te mahere he whakatutuki i te whāinga o te tāuta i te 32GW o ngā whare whakaputa hiko i te tau 2030, 9GW o ēnei ka ahu mai i ngā whare whakaputa hiko hou, tae atu ki te 5GW o ngā pūnaha photovoltaic.
Neke atu i te 10 tau te roa o te mahi hiko photovoltaic, ā, kua hainatia e ngā kaihanga hiko motuhake photovoltaic 14 ngā whakaaetanga hoko hiko me te Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading Company (NBET). Mai i taua wā, kua whakauruhia e te kāwanatanga o Nigeria he tari whāngai-mai (FIT) hei whakamīharo ake i ngā photovoltaic ki ngā kaipupuri moni. He mea whakamīharo, kāore tētahi o ēnei kaupapa PV tuatahi i puteahia nā te koretake o te kaupapa here me te kore o ngā hanganga whatunga.
Ko tētahi take nui ko te whakakorenga a te kāwanatanga i ngā utu tāke kua whakatūria i mua hei whakaiti i ngā utu whāngai-mai, me te kī ko te hekenga o ngā utu mō ngā waeine PV tētahi take. O ngā 14 PV IPP o te motu, e rua anake i whakaae ki te whakahekenga o te utu whāngai-mai, ko ētahi atu i kī he iti rawa te utu whāngai-mai hei whakaae.
E hiahia ana hoki te Kamupene Hokohoko Hiko Nui o Nigeria (NBET) ki tētahi taurangi mōrearea wāhanga, he whakaaetanga i waenganui i te kamupene hei kaihoko me te umanga pūtea. Ko te tikanga, he taurangi hei whakarato i te moni nui atu ki te Kamupene Hokohoko Hiko Nui o Nigeria (NBET) mēnā ka hiahiatia he moni, ā, me whakarato e te kāwanatanga ki ngā hinonga pūtea. Ki te kore tēnei taurangi, e kore e taea e ngā PV IPP te whakatutuki i te whakataunga pūtea. Engari tae noa ki tēnei wā, kāore te kāwanatanga i te whakarato taurangi, nā te kore whakawhirinaki ki te mākete hiko, ā, kua whakakorea e ētahi umanga pūtea ngā tuku ki te whakarato taurangi.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te kore whakawhirinaki o ngā kaituku moni ki te mākete hiko o Nigeria i ahu mai i ngā raruraru nui o te whatunga hiko, inā koa mō te pono me te ngāwari. Koia te take e hiahia ana te nuinga o ngā kaituku moni me ngā kaiwhakawhanake ki ngā taurangi hei tiaki i ā rātou haumitanga, ā, he maha ngā hanganga whatunga hiko o Nigeria kāore e mahi pono ana.
Ko ngā kaupapa here pai a te kāwanatanga o Nigeria mō ngā pūnaha photovoltaic me ētahi atu puna pūngao whakahou te pūtake mō te angitu o te whanaketanga pūngao ma. Ko tētahi rautaki ka taea te whakaaro ko te wetewete i te mākete tangohanga mā te tuku i ngā kamupene ki te hoko hiko tika mai i ngā kaiwhakarato hiko. Mā tēnei ka tangohia te hiahia mō te whakahaere utu, ka taea ai e te hunga kāore e māharahara ki te utu i te utu nui mō te pumau me te ngāwari ki te mahi pēnā. Mā tēnei ka tangohia te nuinga o ngā taurangi uaua e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaituku moni hei putea i ngā kaupapa, ā, ka whakapai ake i te moni whiwhi.
Hei tāpiritanga, ko te whakapai ake i ngā hanganga whatunga hiko me te whakanui ake i te kaha tuku hiko he mea nui, kia taea ai te hono atu i ētahi atu pūnaha PV ki te whatunga hiko, kia pai ake ai te haumarutanga pūngao. I konei anō hoki, he mahi nui tā ngā peeke whanaketanga maha-taha. Kua angitu te whakawhanaketanga o ngā tipu hiko wahie pūmua, ā, kei te haere tonu te mahi nā te mea he taurangi mōrearea e whakaratohia ana e ngā peeke whanaketanga maha-taha. Mena ka taea te whakawhānui atu i ēnei ki te mākete PV hou i Nigeria, ka piki ake te whanaketanga me te tango i ngā pūnaha PV.
Wā tuku: 18 o Ākuhata 2023
