Mō ngā pakihi pākahiko EV me ngā kaihoko e mahi ana i ngā mākete o te ao, ko te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga he "tikanga whai hua, whai hua rānei." I te tau 2024, ka haere tonu te whakawhāiti i ngā paerewa ture puta noa i Ūropi, te US, me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia—ka pāngia ngā hua kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga e ngā hua kino, mai i ngā tekau mano euros/tāra i roto i ngā whiu me te pupuri utanga ki te aukati tūturu i te mākete. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei aratohu ngā whakaritenga hou mō ngā tiwhikete ā-rohe o te EU CE/UN38.3, US UL, me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, e whakaatu ana i ngā mōrearea me ngā take o te ao tūturu, ā, kei roto hoki he rārangi arowhai tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakatere maeneene i ngā mākete ā-rohe.
I. Ngā Whakatūpato Tino Hira: Ngā Raru Tuturu hei Ako Mai i
Kua kaha ake te whakatinanatanga o ngā ture mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā pākahiko EV puta noa i te ao i te tau 2024. He whakamaharatanga nui ēnei āhuatanga mō ngā kaitākaro ahumahi:
- Take EUI puritia te uta a te kaihanga pākahiko ki Tiamana i te Tauranga o Hamburg mō te korenga e tutuki i te aromatawai oranga huringa BMS hou i roto i te EN 62133-2:2017 me te korenga o te Pūrongo Tātari Pūmautanga Wera Taumata-Pūtau (TRA). I whiua te kamupene ki te whiu €200,000, me ngā utu nui mō te whare putunga me te tuku whakahoki, ā, i hua ake ai he mate katoa neke atu i te RMB 1 miriona.
- Take o AmerikaI kawemaihia mai e tētahi kaihoko o California ngā pākahiko hiko-kuta kāore i tutuki i ngā whakaritenga aromatawai hiri hou i roto i te UL 2272 2nd Edition. I whakatakotohia e ngā kaiwhakahaere he whiu $150,000, ā, i akiakihia te whakahokinga katoa o ngā hua kua hokona, i tino kino ai te mana o te waitohu.
- Take Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhitiI kaweakehia e tētahi umanga ngā pākahiko hiko ki Thailand me ngā tiwhikete o te ao anake engari kāore he tiwhikete TISI ā-rohe. I puritia te utanga ki te Tauranga o Bangkok. I muri i te 3 marama o te tiwhikete tāpiri me te whiu 800,000 baht Thai, ka tukuna te uta—i ngaro i te tihi o ngā hoko, ā, neke atu i te haurua o ana ota i ngaro.
Whakatūpato Matua: Ehara te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i te "whakapaunga tāpiri" engari he "tikanga whakauru mākete." I te tau 2024, kua whakauruhia e ngā rohe katoa ngā whakaritenga hou taipitopito—kāore e whai hua ngā tiwhikete tawhito, te "whakamahi āputa rānei"!
II. Te Ruku Hōhonu ā-Rohe: Ngā Whakaritenga Whakatutukitanga Hou mō te tau 2024 (Me Mōhio mā ngā Pakihi/Kaihoko)
He rerekē ngā kaupapa matua mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i ia rohe. Kei raro nei ngā whakahoutanga matua mō te tau 2024 hei arotahi tika ki ō whakaritenga:
(1) EU: CE + UN38.3 hei Tūāpapa, BMS Hou me ngā Ture Rere Wera
Ko te urunga ki te mākete o te EU e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tiwhikete CE (tae atu ki te EN 62133) me te tiwhikete kawe waka UN 38.3. Ko ngā whakahoutanga o te tau 2024 e aro nui ana ki te mahi BMS me te haumaru wera:
- EN 62133-2:2017 (CE Paerewa Matua)Inaianei kua whakahaua kia aromatawaihia te roa o te huringa BMS mō ngā pākahiko lithium-ion kawe. Me paahitia e ngā hua ngā whakamātautau matua e 7: te utu tonu mō te 7-hāora i te ngaohiko whakatauranga 1.4x, te tukunga ā-whakamuri pumau, te ātete ki te wera nui 130°C, me ētahi atu. Me ≥5MΩ te ātete ārai—ka eke ngā reiti rahunga ki te 75% mēnā kāore tēnei paepae e tutuki.
- UN 38.3 (Me whai mana mō te kawe waka)Kei roto i te putanga whakahou o te tau 2023 tētahi "whakamātautau horapa oma wera," e kore ai e hiahiatia he horapa ki ngā pūtau tata i roto i ngā haora 24 mēnā ka hē te mahi a tētahi pūtau. Kei roto hoki i tēnei ko ngā whakamātautau e 8 e hiahiatia ana: te whakatauira teitei 6-hāora i te 11.6kPa, te wiri matapōkere 3-hāora, te pānga o te ngaru haurua-sine 150G/6ms, me ētahi atu.
- Tohutohu NgaioMā te Ture Pūhiko hou a te EU (EU) 2023/1542 e whakamana ngā whakapuakitanga tapuwae waro i te tau 2025. Tīmata ki te kohikohi raraunga e tika ana inaianei hei karo i ngā whakararuraru i te meneti whakamutunga. Ko te tikanga he 12-16 wiki te roa o te tiwhikete (8 wiki mō te ratonga tere, me te utu tāpiri 40%)—whakamahere rautaki i ngā wātaka.
(2) US: Kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i te Tiwhikete UL, Ngā Whakahōutanga Putanga Tuarua o te tau 2024
He tino kaha ngā ture a te US mō ngā pākahiko EV, inā koa mō ngā taputapu nekeneke hiko whaiaro. Ko te UL 2272 te tiwhikete matua, me ngā whakahoutanga matua i roto i tana Putanga Tuarua o Paenga-whāwhā 2024:
- Ngā Huringa Matua o te Putanga Tuarua o UL 2272Ngā whakaritenga mō te wāhanga pākahiko kua whakahoutia, ngā aromatawai hiri me te gasket hou, ngā paerewa ātete mura kua whakamāramahia mō ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa, ngā whakaritenga rihi kua whakapaitia, ngā ture tapanga pito o waho hou, me ngā tikanga whakamātautau wiri me te rumaki kua whakahoutia (e āhei ai te mimiti i muri i te whakamātautau).
- Whānuitanga: E kapi ana i ngā pūnaha taraiwa, ngā pūnaha pākahiko, me ngā wāhanga ara iahiko e pā ana mō ngā taputapu nekeneke hiko whaiaro (hei tauira, ngā kuta hiko). E arotahi ana ki te haumaru hiko me ngā tūponotanga pūngao, kaua ki ngā tūponotanga whakamahinga tinana.
- Ngā Taipitopito ā-RoheMe whai anō a California i ngā ture hangarua pākahiko a CalRecycle. Me whakarite kia rite ngā hua ki ngā paerewa kua tohua i roto i te raupapa UL 62133 kia kore ai e kore e oti te tiwhikete.
(3) Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti: Kāore he Paerewa Kotahi—He mea nui ngā Tiwhikete ā-Rohe
Kāore i ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti he anga ture kotahi; he mea nui ngā tiwhikete ā-rohe kua arotahihia mō te urunga atu ki te mākete:
- TairāniaMe whai tiwhikete TISI, me whakamātautau haumaru mō te ngaohiko, te iahiko, te pāmahana, me ngā ara iahiko poto. E 4-6 wiki te roa o te tiwhikete, me whai tuhinga hangarau reo Thai.
- InitonīhiaKo te tiwhikete SNI te kaupapa matua, e kapi ana i te haumaru me te mahi a te pākahiko. Me whakahaere te whakamātautau i roto i ngā taiwhanga ā-rohe kua tohua, me ngā arotake wheketere hoki.
- MareiaTiwhikete SIRIM, e hangai ana ki ngā paerewa IEC e tika ana. Me paahitia e ngā hua ngā tirotiro kounga ā-rohe, me te huringa tiwhikete noa o te 3-5 wiki.
- WhitināmuTiwhikete QCVN (ture hangarau ā-motu) mō te haumaru pākahiko. Ko ngā whakamātautau whakahau ko te ātete ki te utu nui rawa, te ara iahiko poto, me te ātete ki te ru wera.
III. Rārangi Arowhai Whakatutukitanga Ture (Mō ngā Pakihi me ngā Kaihoko)
1. Te Whakarite i mua i te Tukunga
- Manatokohia kei te ōrite ngā tiwhikete ki ngā rohe ūnga (hei tauira, CE/UN38.3 mō te EU, UL 2272 mō te US, TISI/SNI mō te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia).
- Tikina ngā pūrongo whakamātautau hou mai i ngā taiwhanga tuatoru kua whakamanahia (kāore i te mōhiotia ngā pūrongo kua pau te wā, kua kore rānei e mōhiotia).
- Te whakahiato i ngā tuhinga motuhake mō ia rohe (hei tauira, ngā kōnae hangarau o Tai mō Tai, ngā raraunga tapuwae waro mō te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o mua a te EU).
2. Manatoko Whakatutukitanga Hua
- Whakaūtia kei te tutuki i te BMS ngā whakaritenga mō te roa o te huringa ā-rohe me te pumau o te wera.
- Tirohia te ātete whakamarumaru (≥5MΩ) me te mahi hiri (e ai ki te UL 2272 Putanga Tuarua mō te US).
- Me whakarite kia hototahi ki ngā tikanga utu ā-rohe me ngā paerewa haumaru.
3. Whakahaere Whai muri i te Tiwhikete
- Aroturuki i ngā whakahoutanga ture (hei tauira, te whakahau tapuwae waro a te EU mō te tau 2025) me te whakahou wawe i ngā tiwhikete.
- Whakatūria he pūnaha arotake hanganga ture mō ngā tirotiro puranga i mua i te tuku.
- Mahi tahi me ngā māngai ā-rohe ki te whakatere i ngā ture ā-rohe (he mea nui mō Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti).
IV. ULi Power: Tō Hoa Whakatutukitanga Pono mō ngā Mākete o te Ao
He tohunga a ULi Power ki ngā otinga pākahiko EV kua rite mō te ao katoa, me ngā hua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga EU CE/UN38.3, US UL 2272, me ngā tiwhikete ā-rohe o te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia (TISI/SNI/SIRIM/QCVN). Ko ā mātou painga matua ko:
- Tohungatanga ā-RoheKa aroturukihia e ngā tīma whakatapua ngā whakahoutanga ture o te tau 2024 kia mōhio ai kei te tutuki ngā hua i ngā whakaritenga hou.
- Whakamātautau WhakamanaKa whakamatautauria ngā hua katoa e ngā taiwhanga rongonui, me ngā tuhinga katoa e whakaratohia ana.
- Tautoko Mutunga-ki-MutuMai i ngā arowhai hanganga ture i mua i te tukunga ki te āwhina tiwhikete ā-rohe, ka whakangāwarihia e mātou te urunga ki te mākete.
Whakapā mai ki a mātou mō te tautoko i ngā whakaritenga ture
Ahakoa kei te arotahi koe ki te EU, ki te US, ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti rānei o Āhia, ka taea e ULi Power te whakarite i ngā otinga pākahiko kia tutuki ai ngā tono ture ā-rohe. Whakapā mai i tēnei rā tonu hei karo i ngā hapa ture me te whakateretere i te whānui o tō mākete.
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Wā tuku: Hanuere-22-2026
